Ticker > Company >

Tata Steel share price

Tata Steel Ltd.

NSE: TATASTEEL BSE: 500470 SECTOR: Steel & Iron Products  13.14 L   10.29 K   2.49 K

167.10
0 0
BSE: 05 Dec 04:01 PM

Price Summary

Today's High

₹ 167.65

Today's Low

₹ 165

52 Week High

₹ 187

52 Week Low

₹ 122.6

FinStar

Ownership Stable
Ownership strength is slightly missing the benchmark.
ValuationExpensive
The stock is at a premium valuation at this point.
EfficiencyOptimal
The company could improve upon its asset employment.
FinancialsAverage
The company could improve upon its asset employment.
*It is just an analytical rating of the company and not an investment advice.

Company Essentials

Market Cap

208598.55 Cr.

Enterprise Value

264135.35 Cr.

No. of Shares

1248.35 Cr.

P/E

14.26

P/B

1.26

Face Value

₹ 1

Div. Yield

2.15 %

Book Value (TTM)

₹  133.1

CASH

4144.62 Cr.

DEBT

59681.42 Cr.

Promoter Holding

33.19 %

EPS (TTM)

₹  11.72

Sales Growth

-5.97%

ROE

9 %

ROCE

11.18%

Profit Growth

-10.8 %

* Total debt includes long term borrowing, short term borrowing plus current maturities of long-term borrowing
* Ratios are based on latest Audited Financial Result.

Your Added Ratios

Please login to Add & View your own added ratios.

Login

Brands

These are the brands of Tata Steel Ltd.

Tata Agrico TATA Tiscon TATA Structura TATA Wiron TATA Pravesh TATA Shaktee Tata Astrum TATA Bearing TATA Pipes Tata Precision Tubes

Index Presence

The company is present in 50Indices.

Price Chart 1d 1w 1m 3m 6m 1Yr 3Yr 5Yr

 

Volume Chart 1d 1w 1m 3m 6m 1Yr 3Yr 5Yr

* Prices are based on daily market changes.
* The chart is based on the standalone earnings of the company. * Negative values and values more than 1000x in PE chart is considered 0.

Peer Comparison

View Full Peer Comparison
* The Peers list includes companies operating in the same industry and having comparable market cap.

 Group Companies

Track the companies of Group.

Ratios

Sales Growth

1 Year-5.97%
3 Year0.89%
5 Year17%

Profit Growth

1 Year-10.8%
3 Year-24.92%
5 Year15.68%

ROE%

1 Year9%
3 Year10.4%
5 Year16.32%

ROCE %

1 Year11.18%
3 Year12.87%
5 Year18.08%

Debt/Equity

0.3735

Price to Cash Flow

8.74

Interest Cover Ratio

5.4165

CFO/PAT (5 Yr. Avg.)

1.52799140308423

Shareholding Pattern

Promoter Pledging %

Date Promoter % Pledge %
Sep 2025 33.19 0.00
Jun 2025 33.19 0.00
Mar 2025 33.19 0.00
Dec 2024 33.19 0.00
Sep 2024 33.19 0.00
Investors List
* Figures given above are % of equity capital

 Strengths

  • The Company has been maintaining an effective average operating margins of 26.7659600547822% in the last 5 years.
  • The company has an efficient Cash Conversion Cycle of -67.2534 days.
  • The company has a good cash flow management; CFO/PAT stands at 1.52799140308423.

 Limitations

  • The company has shown a poor profit growth of -24.9226945906234% for the Past 3 years.
  • The company has shown a poor revenue growth of 0.894988334312319% for the Past 3 years.

Quarterly Result (All Figures in Cr.)

PARTICULARS Sep 2024 Dec 2024 Mar 2025 Jun 2025 Sep 2025
Net Sales 32399.48 32760.45 34398.84 31014.36 34679.54
Total Expenditure 25789.71 25259.97 27419.55 23894.92 26531.41
Operating Profit 6609.77 7500.48 6979.29 7119.44 8148.13
Other Income 851.46 456.02 564.99 555.07 610.13
Interest 1132.85 1080.2 1100.53 1271.09 1237.1
Depreciation 1556.36 1555.51 1617.53 1626.58 1718.28
Exceptional Items 13.82 -146.25 -533.04 -219.08 -399.51
Profit Before Tax 4785.84 5174.54 4293.18 4557.76 5403.37
Tax 1194.85 1295.97 1123.99 1034.51 1343.24
Profit After Tax 3590.99 3878.57 3169.19 3523.25 4060.13
Adjusted EPS (Rs) 2.88 3.11 2.54 2.82 3.25

Profit & Loss (All Figures in Cr. Adjusted EPS in Rs.)

PARTICULARS Mar 2021 Mar 2022 Mar 2023 Mar 2024 Mar 2025
Net Sales 84132.92 129021.35 142913.32 140932.65 132516.66
Total Expenditure 57009.21 77891.5 114708.8 110969.01 104734.17
Operating Profit 27123.71 51129.85 28204.52 29963.64 27782.49
Other Income 755.11 1452.02 2596.6 3138.56 2329.9
Interest 4541.02 2792.08 3974.63 4100.52 4238.35
Depreciation 5469.26 5463.69 5956.32 6008.95 6253.16
Exceptional Items 741.3 -235.45 -780.47 -3488.02 -902.04
Profit Before Tax 18609.84 44090.65 20089.7 19504.71 18718.84
Tax 1531.87 11079.47 5404.45 3842.86 4749.14
Net Profit 17077.97 33011.18 14685.25 15661.85 13969.7
Adjusted EPS (Rs.) 14.25 27.01 12.02 12.55 11.19

Balance Sheet (All Figures are in Crores.)

Particulars Mar 2021 Mar 2022 Mar 2023 Mar 2024 Mar 2025
Equity and Liabilities
Share Capital 1198.78 1222.37 1222.4 1248.6 1248.6
Total Reserves 93211.34 124211.39 135386.48 139980.87 125483.34
Borrowings 32320.41 20290.81 31568.81 36715.91 51040.98
Other N/C liabilities 23692.8 22596.82 22726.61 20086.53 21876.9
Current liabilities 30067.6 53664.83 51791.43 49894.44 54482.92
Total Liabilities 180490.93 221986.22 242695.73 247926.35 254132.74
Assets
Net Block 97143.28 94290.43 97422.85 98405.51 99479.06
Capital WIP 10499.49 14159.32 21653.81 27562.62 34189.06
Intangible WIP 408.79 382.64 514.96 532.59 671.24
Investments 29087.33 43401.43 39467.38 66240 72699.01
Loans & Advances 13820.63 37276.89 40506.6 16442.07 11547.08
Other N/C Assets 640.63 1185.94 2614.8 1741.31 1846.67
Current Assets 28890.78 31289.57 40515.33 37002.25 33700.62
Total Assets 180490.93 221986.22 242695.73 247926.35 254132.74
* Other Non-current Liabilities include Net deferred Liabilities

Cash Flows (All Figures are in Crores.)

PARTICULARS Mar 2021 Mar 2022 Mar 2023 Mar 2024 Mar 2025
Profit from operations 18609.84 44090.65 20089.7 19504.71 18718.84
Adjustment 8617.36 6216.05 5913.68 10056.99 6962.14
Changes in Assets & Liabilities 10699.82 2919.65 -7489.49 2808.62 512.96
Tax Paid -372.25 -11240.23 -5008.14 -5045.39 -2314.03
Operating Cash Flow 37554.77 41986.12 13505.75 27324.93 23879.91
Investing Cash Flow -13665.22 -34167.79 -14794.2 -15702.47 -34605.66
Financing Cash Flow -23385.49 -7368.05 -5192.78 -8276.97 9280.88
Net Cash Flow 504.06 450.28 -6481.23 3345.49 -1444.87

Corporate Actions

Investors Details

PARTICULARS Sep 2024% Dec 2024% Mar 2025% Jun 2025% Sep 2025%
promoters 33.19 33.19 33.19 33.19 33.19
ewart investments limited... 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
rujuvalika investments li... 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
tata capital ltd - - - 0.05 0.05
tata chemicals limited - - - 0.25 0.25
tata industries limited 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
tata investment corporati... - - - 0.34 0.34
tata motors limited 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44
tata sons private limited... 31.76 31.76 31.76 31.76 31.76
tata chemicals ltd 0.25 0.25 0.25 - -
tata investment corporati... 0.34 0.34 0.34 - -
tata motors finance limit... 0.05 0.05 0.05 - -
PARTICULARS Sep 2024% Dec 2024% Mar 2025% Jun 2025% Sep 2025%
investors 66.81 66.81 66.81 66.81 66.81
hdfc trustee company limi... - - - - 2.26
icici prudential value fu... - - - - 1.77
investor education and pr... - 0.54 - - 0.57
life insurance corporatio... 7.63 7.56 7.81 7.96 7.70
llp 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
nps trust- a/c sbi pensio... - - - - 1.36
sbi nifty 50 etf - - - - 4.61
uti nifty 50 etf - - - - 1.21
hdfc - various mutual f... - - - 2.23 -
icici - various mutual ... - - - 1.81 -
investor education and pr... 0.49 - 0.54 0.54 -
nps trust- a/c lic pensio... 1.19 - - 1.13 -
sbi - various mutual fu... - - - 4.13 -
uti - various mutual fu... - - - 1.11 -
government pension fund g... 1.01 1.01 1.00 - -
hdfc- various mutual fun... - 1.82 2.19 - -
icici- various mutual fu... - 1.73 1.78 - -
sbi- various mutual fund... 3.45 3.58 3.53 - -
uti- various mutual funds... - 1.04 1.05 - -
government of singapore 1.06 - - - -
icici - various mutual f... 1.43 - - - -
uti- various mutual fund... 1.01 - - - -

Annual Reports

Title Link
Title Link
Annual Report 2024
Annual Report 2023
Annual Report 2023
Annual Report 2021
Annual Report 2020
Annual Report 2019
Annual Report 2018
Annual Report 2017

Ratings & Research Reports

TYPE AGENCY Link
TYPE AGENCY Link
Credit BRICKWORK
Credit BRICKWORK
Credit S&P GLOBAL RATINGS
Credit CARE
Credit BRICKWORK
Credit ICRA
Credit ICRA
Credit CARE
Credit ICRA
Credit FITCH
Credit FITCH
Credit BRICKWORK
Credit CARE
Credit FITCH
Credit CARE RATINGS
Credit FITCH
Credit FITCH
Credit CARE
Credit ICRA
TYPE AGENCY Link
TYPE AGENCY Link
Research IDBI Capital
Research Geojit
Research Geojit
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research BOB Capital Market
Research BOB Capital Market
Research BOB Capital Market
Research BOB Capital Market
Research BOB Capital Market
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research IDBI Capital
Research ICICI Securities Limited
Research Geojit BNP Paribas

Concalls & Presentations

TYPE QUARTER Link
TYPE QUARTER Link
Concall Q3FY25
Concall Q2FY25
Concall Q2FY24
Concall Q1FY24
TYPE QUARTER Link
TYPE QUARTER Link
Presentation Q4FY24
Presentation Q4FY24
Presentation Q4FY23
Presentation Q4FY23
Presentation Q4FY22
Presentation Q4FY22
Presentation Q4FY20
Presentation Q3FY24
Presentation Q3FY23
Presentation Q3FY22
Presentation Q3FY21
Presentation Q3 FY20
Presentation Q2FY26
Presentation Q2FY24
Presentation Q2FY22
Presentation Q2FY21
Presentation Q1FY25
Presentation Q1FY24
Presentation Q1FY22
Presentation Q1FY21
Presentation Q1FY20
Presentation FY2024

Company News

Tata steel’s arm to acquire 100% equity stake in LAG Velsen B.V. 15 Nov, 5:04 PM Tata steel gets nod to acquire 50% stake in Tata BlueScope Steel 13 Nov, 12:11 PM Tata Steel moves up on reporting over three-fold jump in Q2 consolidated net profit 13 Nov, 11:08 AM Tata Steel reports over three-fold jump in Q2 consolidated net profit 13 Nov, 10:52 AM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 13 Nov, 12:00 AM Tata Steel signs asset transfer agreement with Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys 5 Nov, 12:00 PM Tata Steel enters into long-term contract with Air Water India 17 Oct, 12:00 PM Tata Steel's Indian business reports 7% rise in crude steel production in Q2FY26 9 Oct, 12:00 PM Tata Steel, Tata Steel Nederland ink pact with Government of the Netherlands 30 Sep, 12:51 PM Tata Steel acquires additional stake in TSHP 25 Sep, 10:23 AM Tata Steel acquires stake in TSHP 28 Aug, 11:38 AM Tata Steel aims around Rs 7,000 crore GMV from Aashiyana in FY26 11 Aug, 10:22 AM Tata Steel rolls out first batch of galvanised coils from Kalinganagar plant 7 Aug, 12:39 PM Tata Steel’s arm completes acquisition of 40% stake in TSN Wires Company 7 Aug, 11:19 AM Tata Steel gets nod to acquire 26% stake in TP Adarsh 31 Jul, 12:00 PM Tata Steel reports over 2-fold jump in Q1 consolidated net profit 31 Jul, 11:10 AM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 30 Jul, 6:00 PM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 30 Jul, 6:00 PM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 30 Jul, 6:00 PM Tata Steel acquires 100% equity stake in Neelachal Ispat Nigam 25 Jul, 12:00 PM Tata Steel launches Aashiyana 3.0 23 Jul, 3:30 PM Tata Steel’s arm starts construction of UK’s largest steelmaking facility in Port Talbot 14 Jul, 12:59 PM Tata Steel informs about press release 14 Jul, 9:36 AM Tata Steel executes first import shipment for coal using Electronic Bill of Lading 11 Jul, 4:59 PM Tata Steel acquires equity stake in T Steel Holdings 11 Jul, 10:23 AM Tata Steel's Indian business reports marginal fall in crude steel production in Q1FY26 9 Jul, 12:59 PM Tata Steel inks MoU with Australia’s InQuik Group 7 Jul, 6:35 PM Tata Steel acquires stake in T Steel Holdings 26 Jun, 9:59 AM Tata Steel launches new version of DigECA 20 Jun, 3:57 PM Tata Steel aims 10-15 MT production via recycling in 10-15 years 16 Jun, 2:13 PM Tata Steel expands Kalinganagar plant in Odisha 23 May, 10:13 AM Tata Steel informs about tax deduction on dividend 20 May, 5:27 PM Tata Steel reports over 2-fold jump in Q4 consolidated net profit 13 May, 10:30 AM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 12 May, 7:12 PM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 12 May, 7:12 PM Tata Steel informs about analyst meet 8 May, 5:10 PM Tata Steel informs about press release 9 Apr, 4:57 PM Tata Steel reports 5% fall in consolidated steel production in Q4FY25 7 Apr, 4:59 PM Tata Steel acquires additional stake in IFQM 2 Apr, 10:30 AM Tata Steel acquires stake in T Steel Holdings 27 Feb, 1:00 PM Tata Steel informs about investor presentation 25 Feb, 1:07 PM Tata Steel acquires stake in T Steel Holdings 21 Feb, 9:27 AM Tata steel’s UK arm gets nod for Electric Arc Furnace project in Port Talbot 19 Feb, 12:52 PM Tata Steel gets nod to raise Rs 3,000 crore via NCDs 14 Feb, 4:00 PM Tata Steel becomes India's first to develop pipes for hydrogen transportation 29 Jan, 4:18 PM Tata Steel reports 43% fall in Q3 consolidated net profit 28 Jan, 10:20 AM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 27 Jan, 6:40 PM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 27 Jan, 6:40 PM Tata Steel - Quaterly Results 27 Jan, 6:40 PM Tata Steel's Indian business reports 6% growth in crude steel production in Q3FY25 8 Jan, 10:44 AM

Tata Steel Stock Price Analysis and Quick Research Report. Is Tata Steel an attractive stock to invest in?

Stock investing requires careful analysis of financial data to determine a company's true net worth. This is generally done by examining the company's profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow statement, which can be time-consuming and cumbersome.

Examining a company's financial ratios is an easier way to determine its performance, which can help to make sense of the overwhelming amount of information in its financial statements. 

Here are a few indispensable ratios that should be a part of every investor’s research process, or, in simpler words, how to analyse Tata Steel. 

  • PE ratio: Price to Earnings ratio, which indicates how much an investor is willing to pay for a share for every rupee of earnings. A general rule of thumb is that shares trading at a low P/E are undervalued (it depends on other factors too). Tata Steel has a PE ratio of 14.2580458004846 which is low and comparatively undervalued.

  • Return on Assets (ROA): Return on Assets measures how effectively a company can earn a return on its investment in assets. In other words, ROA shows how efficiently a company can convert the money used to purchase assets into net income or profits. Tata Steel has ROA of 5.565% which is a bad sign for future performance. (Higher values are always desirable.)

  • Current ratio: The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. A higher current ratio is desirable so that the company could be stable to unexpected bumps in business and economy. Tata Steel has a Current ratio of 0.6186.

  • Return on equity: ROE measures the ability of a firm to generate profits from its shareholders' investments in the company. In other words, the return on equity ratio shows how much profit each rupee of common stockholders’ equity generates. Tata Steel has a ROE of 9.003%. (Higher is better)

  • Debt to equity ratio: It is a good metric to check out the capital structure along with its performance. Tata Steel has a Debt to Equity ratio of 0.3735 which means that the company has low proportion of debt in its capital.

  • Sales growth: Tata Steel has reported revenue growth of -5.9716% which is poor in relation to its growth and performance. 

  • Operating Margin: This will tell you about the operational efficiency of the company. The operating margin of Tata Steel for the current financial year is 20.9652808937382%.

  • Dividend Yield: It tells us how much dividend we will receive in relation to the price of the stock. The current year dividend for Tata Steel is Rs 3.6 and the yield is 2.1544%.

  • Earnings Per Share: It tells us how much profit is allocated to to each outstanding share of a common stock. The latest EPS of Tata Steel is Rs 11.7204. The higher the EPS, the better it is for investors. 

One can find all the Financial Ratios of Tata Steel in Ticker for free. Also, one can get the intrinsic value of Tata Steel by using Valuation Calculators, which are available with a Finology ONE subscription. 

Tata Steel FAQs

Q1. What is Tata Steel share price today?
Ans: The current share price of Tata Steel is Rs 167.11.

Q2. What is the market capitalisation of Tata Steel?
Ans: Tata Steel has a market capitalisation of Rs 208611.032397161 Cr., calculated based on its latest share price.

Q3. What are the P/E and P/B ratios of Tata Steel?
Ans: The PE ratio of Tata Steel is 14.2580458004846 and the P/B ratio of Tata Steel is 1.25548443322515, showing how the stock is valued against its earnings and book value.

Q4. What is the 52-week high and low of Tata Steel share?
Ans: The 52-week high share price of Tata Steel is Rs 186.94, and the 52-week low share price of Tata Steel is Rs 122.62.

Q5. Does Tata Steel pay dividends?
Ans: Currently, Tata Steel pays dividends. Dividend yield of Tata Steel is around 2.1544%.

Q6. What are the face value and book value of Tata Steel shares?
Ans: The face value of Tata Steel shares is Rs 1, while the book value per share of Tata Steel is around Rs 133.104. Face value is the nominal value set by the company, whereas book value reflects its accounting worth.

Q7. What is the debt of Tata Steel?
Ans: Tata Steel has a total debt of Rs 59681.42 Cr., which affects investor sentiment and financial stability. 

Q8. What are the ROE and ROCE of Tata Steel?
Ans: The ROE of Tata Steel is 9.003% and ROCE of Tata Steel is 11.1829%. ROE shows how efficiently the company is generating profit from shareholders’ equity, while the ROCE is reflects how efficiently the company uses its capital to generate returns.

Q9. Is Tata Steel a good buy for the long term?
Ans: The Tata Steel long-term outlook depends on debt levels, earnings growth, and sector trends. If it sustains profits and manages debt well, it may be considered for long-term investment.

Q10. Is Tata Steel undervalued or overvalued?
Ans: Based on valuation ratios like P/E, P/B, and EV/EBITDA, one can analyse whether the Tata Steel appears undervalued or overvalued at current levels. You can check detailed valuation metrics and peer comparisons on Finology Ticker.

Q11. How to check Tata Steel’s financials?
Ans: You can review Tata Steel’s financial statements - including balance sheet, income statement, and quarterly results - on Finology Ticker.

Last Updated on:
Brief about Tata Steel

Tata Steel Share Price and Stock Market Analysis Today

Welcome to the comprehensive analysis of Tata Steel share price on the Indian stock exchange. As a leading player in the metals and mining sector, the price of share of Tata Steel is a key indicator for the broader market sentiment, and we provide up-to-date data and context for investors tracking TATASTEEL performance.

Current Tata Steel Share Price

The latest closing Tata Steel Stock Price Today on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) for the symbol TATASTEEL was Rs 166.92 recorded on Wednesday, 3 December 2025 at 3:30 PM IST.

The stock experienced a marginal loss, closing -0.51% lower compared to its previous closing price of Rs 167.78. Intraday price action saw the Tata Steel share price trade in a range of Rs 165.00 to Rs 167.99. The comparable close on the Tata Steel BSE listing was also Rs 166.92.

For the most current, regularly updated Tata Steel share price, please refer to the live ticker section located above on this page. That section provides a real-time TATASTEEL share price summary, including the day's high/low and the 52-week high/low.

Tata Steel Share Returns Performance

Understanding the Tata Steel Returns across various timeframes is crucial for analysing the Tata Steel Performance and its historical risk profile. Below are the consolidated TATASTEEL historical returns as of 3 December 2025:

  • 1 Week: -0.89% (Reflecting short-term pressure)

  • 1 Month: -7.06% (Indicating recent selling pressure or consolidation after a high)

  • 3 Months: -0.10% (Suggesting a phase of sideways movement or slight correction)

  • 1 Year: +14.25% (Demonstrating healthy capital appreciation over the last twelve months)

  • 5 Years: +173.59% (Highlighting a strong, multi-bagger long-term trend)

The short-term returns (1 Week and 1 Month) for the Tata Steel share price show minor volatility and a recent dip, while the 3-month performance is near flat, suggesting consolidation in the medium term. However, the impressive 1-year and 5-year returns confirm a robust long-term growth trajectory, driven by sectoral tailwinds and strong domestic operations.

As detailed in the interactive charts and data section above on this webpage, you can explore the share price chart and analyse its returns generated over various specific time frames, such as one week, one month, six months, one year, three years, and five years.

Latest News Impacting Tata Steel Share Price

The factors affecting Tata Steel share price are heavily influenced by corporate results, global steel price cycles, and strategic business developments.

  • Q2 FY26 Results Announcement: Tata Steel reported a significant jump in consolidated net profit to Rs 3,102 crore for Tata Steel Q2 Results (Q2 FY26), a massive increase of over 272% year-on-year (YoY). Consolidated revenue from operations also rose by 9% YoY to Rs 58,689 crore. This robust performance, primarily driven by strong India operations and cost efficiencies, initially led to a Tata Steel share price gain of over 3% immediately following the announcement in November 2025.

  • Strategic Corporate Actions: During the quarter, the company announced strategic moves to streamline its portfolio, including the agreement to acquire the remaining 50% stake in Tata BlueScope Steel and the sale of its Ferro Alloy Plant in Jajpur, Odisha. These steps are viewed positively by the market as they aim to improve capital allocation and operational focus.

  • Broader Market Consolidation: Despite the strong financial results, the Tata Steel share price has seen recent weakness, often slipping on days when the broader Indian equity indices show signs of profit-taking and consolidation near record highs. Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) outflows have been noted across the market, applying short-term pressure on large-cap stocks like Tata Steel.

Conclusion on Tata Steel Stock Price

The Tata Steel Share Price outlook remains largely positive from a fundamental perspective, underscored by its stellar Q2 FY26 financial performance and strategic asset streamlining. While the recent price action indicates a period of short-term volatility and consolidation, the TATASTEEL stock analysis confirms a sustained, long-term positive trend. The company’s focus on leveraging its strong India business to offset global headwinds suggests resilience, positioning the stock for future growth despite near-term market fluctuations.

Read More
X